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Title: North American Avalanche Danger Scale: Are Public Backcountry Forecasters Applying it Consistently?
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Brian Lazar, Simon Trautman, Mike Cooperstein, Ethan Greene, Karl Birkeland
Description: The North American Avalanche Danger Scale is a tool used by backcountry avalanche forecasters to communicate the potential for avalanches to cause har...
Object ID: ISSW16_O20.01.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger scale, avalanche danger ratings, avalanche forecasting
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Title: Combining the Conceptual Model of Avalanche Hazard With the Bavarian Matrix
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Karsten Müller, Christoph Mitterer, Rune V. Engeset, Ragnar Ekker, Solveig Ø. Kosberg
Description: The European Avalanche Danger Scale provides definitions for each of the five danger levels. However, some terms used in the scale are not fully defin...
Object ID: ISSW16_O20.03.pdf
Keywords: avalanche forecasting, bavarian matrix, conceptual model of avalanche hazard, eaws
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Title: Variations in Individual Danger Level Estimates Within the Same Forecast Region
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Frank Techel, Lukas Dürr, Jürg Schweizer
Description: Forecasters in many public avalanche forecast operations rely on field observations and danger (or stability) assessments by experienced and well-trai...
Object ID: ISSW16_O20.02.pdf
Keywords: avalanche forecasting, avalanche danger level, observer-specific bias
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Title: The Effect of Slope-Scale Spatial Variability of Slab Characteristics on Propagation Saw Tests
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Chris Bilbrey, Jordy Hendrikx, Karl Birkeland, Stuart Challender, J. Andrew Gleason
Description: Understanding propagation in complex, non-uniform terrain is critically important for avalanche forecasting and mitigation. Currently we do not know h...
Object ID: ISSW16_P1.45.pdf
Keywords:
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Title: Terrain Classification of Norwegian Slab Avalanche Accidents
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Linda Hallandvik, Eivind Aadland, Odd L. Vikene
Description: It is difficult to rely on snow conditions, weather and human factors when making judgements about avalanche risk because these variables are dynamic ...
Object ID: ISSW16_P2.03.pdf
Keywords: avalanche terrain exposure scale (ates), fatal avalanche accidents, outdoor recreation, practical implications, from novice to expert
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Title: Method for an Automatized Avalanche Terrain Classification
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Günter Schmudlach, Jochen Köhler
Description: Avalanche terrain classification according to ATES (Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale) has become a popular method to represent and disseminate avalanc...
Object ID: ISSW16_P2.04.pdf
Keywords: ates, avalanche terrain exposure scale, avaluator
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Title: Semiautomatic Adjustments of the Avaluator for Sidecountry Trips in the Pyrenees
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Sara Orgué, Ivan Moner
Description: We present an adaptation of the Avaluator to obtain safety recommendations for sidecountry trips. We zoned with ATES and set a list of trips in two Ca...
Object ID: ISSW16_P2.40.pdf
Keywords: ates, avaluator, semiautomatic recommendations, pyrenees
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Title: The Five Decisive Avalanche Problems
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Rudi Mair
Description: Making forecasts and compiling studies of hundreds of avalanches for 25 years have demonstrated one thing to us: Avalanches are no coincidence. They ...
Object ID: ISSW16_P4.25.pdf
Keywords: danger patterns, snowdrifts, gliding snow, old snow, fresh-fallen snow, wet snow
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Title: Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Avalanche Problems in Western Canada: An Analysis of the Winters 2010-2016
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Bret Shandro, Pascal Haegeli, Grant Statham, James Floyer
Description: Not all avalanches are the same. Different combinations of snowpack structures and meteorological conditions create different types of avalanche probl...
Object ID: ISSW16_P4.34.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger, aval anche forecasting, avalanche hazard, avalanche problems
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Title: Avalanche Danger Variability in Level 2 – Moderate and 3 – Considerable of the European Danger Scale Following the EAWS Bavarian Matrix: Experimental Use of Icons Representing Different Weight Within
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Mauro Valt, Flavio Berbenni
Description: The avalanche forecaster should describe and represent, unambiguously and clearly to users, the avalanche danger through the bulletin. The EAWS bavar...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-12.pdf
Keywords: bavarian matrix, avalanche forecast, avalanche danger scale
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Title: Effect of High Elevation Birch Forest on Snow Stability
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Hedda Breien, Øyvind A. Høydal
Description: Forest and especially evergreen conifers like pine and spruce are known to reduce avalanche formation due to their physical anchoring effect and thei...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-05.pdf
Keywords: birch, deciduous forest, protection forest, avalanche, anchoring effect
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Title: Avalanche Danger Patterns – A New Approach to Snow and Avalanche Analysis
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Rudi Mair, Patrick Nairz
Description: In recent years, backcountry winter sports far removed from secured ski slopes have undergone a surprising upsurge. Connected with this boom are heig...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-13.pdf
Keywords: danger pattern, threat of avalanches, danger level, avalanche bulletin, avalanche warning service
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Title: Avalanche Terrain Exposure Classification for Avalanche Accidents in Catalan Pyrenees
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Glòria Martí, Laura Trabal, Joan Manel Vilaplana, Carles García-Sellés
Description: Avalanche terrain exposure consists of identifying and classifying areas prone to avalanches taking into account terrain features. From a data set of ...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-20.pdf
Keywords: accidents, avalanche terrain exposure scale, danger
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Title: 40 Years of NGI’s Full-Scale Avalanche Test-Site Ryggfonn
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Peter Gauer, Krister Kristensen
Description: The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) has been running full-scale avalanche experiments at the Ryggfonn test-site in western Norway for close to ...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-35.pdf
Keywords: avalanche, test-site, full-scale experiments
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Title: Stability Tests and Their Association With the Local Avalanche Danger
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Shane Haladuick, Michael Schirmer, Bruce Jamieson
Description: The avalanche forecast regions in Canada range from 100 to 30,000 km2, far larger than the 10 km2 covered in a typical backcountry day. This differenc...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O5-01.pdf
Keywords: local avalanche danger, compression test, rutschblock test, avalanche problem, avalanche forecasting
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