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Title: North American Avalanche Danger Scale: Are Public Backcountry Forecasters Applying it Consistently?
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Brian Lazar, Simon Trautman, Mike Cooperstein, Ethan Greene, Karl Birkeland
Description: The North American Avalanche Danger Scale is a tool used by backcountry avalanche forecasters to communicate the potential for avalanches to cause har...
Object ID: ISSW16_O20.01.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger scale, avalanche danger ratings, avalanche forecasting
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Title: Variations in Individual Danger Level Estimates Within the Same Forecast Region
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Frank Techel, Lukas Dürr, Jürg Schweizer
Description: Forecasters in many public avalanche forecast operations rely on field observations and danger (or stability) assessments by experienced and well-trai...
Object ID: ISSW16_O20.02.pdf
Keywords: avalanche forecasting, avalanche danger level, observer-specific bias
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Title: Combining the Conceptual Model of Avalanche Hazard With the Bavarian Matrix
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Karsten Müller, Christoph Mitterer, Rune V. Engeset, Ragnar Ekker, Solveig Ø. Kosberg
Description: The European Avalanche Danger Scale provides definitions for each of the five danger levels. However, some terms used in the scale are not fully defin...
Object ID: ISSW16_O20.03.pdf
Keywords: avalanche forecasting, bavarian matrix, conceptual model of avalanche hazard, eaws
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Title: The Five Decisive Avalanche Problems
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Rudi Mair
Description: Making forecasts and compiling studies of hundreds of avalanches for 25 years have demonstrated one thing to us: Avalanches are no coincidence. They ...
Object ID: ISSW16_P4.25.pdf
Keywords: danger patterns, snowdrifts, gliding snow, old snow, fresh-fallen snow, wet snow
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Title: Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Avalanche Problems in Western Canada: An Analysis of the Winters 2010-2016
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Bret Shandro, Pascal Haegeli, Grant Statham, James Floyer
Description: Not all avalanches are the same. Different combinations of snowpack structures and meteorological conditions create different types of avalanche probl...
Object ID: ISSW16_P4.34.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger, aval anche forecasting, avalanche hazard, avalanche problems
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Title: Effect of High Elevation Birch Forest on Snow Stability
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Hedda Breien, Øyvind A. Høydal
Description: Forest and especially evergreen conifers like pine and spruce are known to reduce avalanche formation due to their physical anchoring effect and thei...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-05.pdf
Keywords: birch, deciduous forest, protection forest, avalanche, anchoring effect
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Title: Avalanche Danger Variability in Level 2 – Moderate and 3 – Considerable of the European Danger Scale Following the EAWS Bavarian Matrix: Experimental Use of Icons Representing Different Weight Within
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Mauro Valt, Flavio Berbenni
Description: The avalanche forecaster should describe and represent, unambiguously and clearly to users, the avalanche danger through the bulletin. The EAWS bavar...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-12.pdf
Keywords: bavarian matrix, avalanche forecast, avalanche danger scale
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Title: Avalanche Danger Patterns – A New Approach to Snow and Avalanche Analysis
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Rudi Mair, Patrick Nairz
Description: In recent years, backcountry winter sports far removed from secured ski slopes have undergone a surprising upsurge. Connected with this boom are heig...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-13.pdf
Keywords: danger pattern, threat of avalanches, danger level, avalanche bulletin, avalanche warning service
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Title: Avalanche Terrain Exposure Classification for Avalanche Accidents in Catalan Pyrenees
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Glòria Martí, Laura Trabal, Joan Manel Vilaplana, Carles García-Sellés
Description: Avalanche terrain exposure consists of identifying and classifying areas prone to avalanches taking into account terrain features. From a data set of ...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-20.pdf
Keywords: accidents, avalanche terrain exposure scale, danger
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Title: Stability Tests and Their Association With the Local Avalanche Danger
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Shane Haladuick, Michael Schirmer, Bruce Jamieson
Description: The avalanche forecast regions in Canada range from 100 to 30,000 km2, far larger than the 10 km2 covered in a typical backcountry day. This differenc...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O5-01.pdf
Keywords: local avalanche danger, compression test, rutschblock test, avalanche problem, avalanche forecasting
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Title: Modern Forms of Communicating Avalanche Danger – A Norwegian Case
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Erik Rose Johnsen
Description: Norway established a national public service for avalanche danger warning on 14 January 2013, based on international standards. This is an important ...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O5-20.pdf
Keywords: avalanche bulletin distribution, public licence policy, crowd sourcing, user involvement, communication, social media, education
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Title: How Big is Big: Results of the Avalanche Size Classification Survey
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Ivan Moner, Sara Orgué, Jordi Gavaldà, Montse Bacardit
Description: Avalanche size is a key parameter in avalanche danger rating as well as in the communication between technicians. In 2009 the European Avalanche Warni...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_P1-05.pdf
Keywords: avalanche size, survey, eaws
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Title: Analysis of Detected Avalanches by Using Meteorological Data of Nearby Monitoring Stations in Ischgl Austria
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Lisa Jöbstl, Arnold Studeregger, Arnulf Wurzer, Daniel Stock, Richard Koschuh
Description: A set of detected avalanches from January to April 2012 on a hillside southeast of Ischgl, Austria is given. The avalanches are off-the-cut or caused ...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_P1-17.pdf
Keywords: detected avalanches, meteorological weather stations, avalanche danger, snow pack
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Title: The Norwegian Public Roads Administration`s Role as a Major Contributor and End User of the New Norwegian Avalanche Bulletin
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Njål Farestveit, Julie Engelien Bjørlien, Jens Tveit
Description: The first national avalanche bulletin in Norway was launched the 14th of January 2013 on www.varsom.no. The bulletin is the result of a major effort, ...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_P1-22.pdf
Keywords: avalanche bulletin, the norwegian public roads administration, norway
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Title: An Operational Supporting Tool for Assessing Wet-Snow Avalanche Danger
Date: 2013-10-07
Authors: Christoph Mitterer, Frank Techel, Charles Fierz, Jürg Schweizer
Description: Assessing the danger due to wet-snow avalanches is notoriously difficult, in particular, since conditions favouring wet-snow avalanches may persist on...
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_P1-28.pdf
Keywords: wet-snow avalanches, forecast, energy balance, avalanche danger assessment
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