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- Title: Snowpack Temperature and Decreases in Tensile Strength
- Date: 1998
- Authors: R. S. Rosso, D. Howlett, S. Calhoun
- Description: In an effort to understand post-control and other natural avalanches that occur shortly after rain begins or the sun's rays start to warm the starting...
- Object ID: issw-1998-508-513.pdf
- Keywords: rain-on-snow, snow temperature, snow strength
- View additional details about Snowpack Temperature and Decreases in Tensile Strength
- Title: Surface Warming of a Dry Snowpack Increases Skier-Induced Stress and Strain Magnitudes in Deeper Weak Layers
- Date: 1998
- Authors: A. Wilson, J. Schweizer, C.D. Johnston, J.B. Jamieson
- Description: Changes in air temperature, and hence snow temperature, influence snow stability for skiers. This paper studies how warming in the top 20 cm of a hard...
- Object ID: issw-1998-514-519.pdf
- Keywords: snow stability, avalanche triggering, snow thermal effects
- View additional details about Surface Warming of a Dry Snowpack Increases Skier-Induced Stress and Strain Magnitudes in Deeper Weak Layers
- Title: Sintering in a Dry Snow Cover
- Date: 1998
- Authors: S. C. Colbeck
- Description: Earlier theories of sintering in snow were based on an incorrect assumption about the geometry of the bond. The bond was assumed to have the reverse, ...
- Object ID: issw-1998-534.pdf
- Keywords: snow, snow crystal growth, snow metamorphism
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- Title: The Basic Ideas Behind Snow Metamorphism
- Date: 1996
- Authors: S. C. Colbeck
- Description: The basic concepts of thermodynamics and crystal growth that account for the metamorphism of snow are presented. First, the differences between wet an...
- Object ID: issw-1996-080b.pdf
- Keywords: snow metamorphism, temperature gradient, faceted ice crystals
- View additional details about The Basic Ideas Behind Snow Metamorphism
- Title: Near Surface Faceted Crystals: Conditions Necessary for Growth and Contribution to Avalanche Formation, Southwest Montana, U.S.A.
- Date: 1996
- Authors: Karl Birkeland, Ron Johnson, Scott Schmidt
- Description: In the winter of 1995-96 we investigated the formation of faceted crystals that develop in the upper levels of the snowpack. We used an array of six t...
- Object ID: issw-1996-075-080.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche, snow metamorphism, faceted crystals, temperature gradient
- View additional details about Near Surface Faceted Crystals: Conditions Necessary for Growth and Contribution to Avalanche Formation, Southwest Montana, U.S.A.
- Title: Effect of Snow Temperatures on Skier Triggering of Dry Slab Avalanches
- Date: 1996
- Authors: D.M. McClung, Jurg Schweizer
- Description: Field observations and experience show that snow temperatures can have a strong influence on dry snow slab instability. Experience shows that there ar...
- Object ID: issw-1996-113-117.pdf
- Keywords: dry snow, snow temperature, snow strength, slab avalanche, avalanche formation, skier triggering
- View additional details about Effect of Snow Temperatures on Skier Triggering of Dry Slab Avalanches
- Title: Effect of Microslructure on Heat and Vapor Transport in Snow Composed of Uniform Fine Ice Spheres
- Date: 1994
- Authors: Atsushi Sato, Edward E. Adams, Robert L. Brown
- Description: The formation of weak layers in the snowpack of slopes causes avalanches. One of the most important weak layers is known as depth hoar due to vapor tr...
- Object ID: issw-1994-176-184.pdf
- Keywords: depth hoar, weak layer, temperature gradient, thermal conductivity, water vapor
- View additional details about Effect of Microslructure on Heat and Vapor Transport in Snow Composed of Uniform Fine Ice Spheres
- Title: Observations of Sun Crust Formation
- Date: 1994
- Authors: Toshihiro Ozeki, Eizi Akitaya, Keisuke Suzuki
- Description: The mechanism of sun crust formation was investigated through field observations. During the observations, sun crust formed 12 times. The sun crust is...
- Object ID: issw-1994-002-013.pdf
- Keywords: heat, metamorphism, sun crust, ice particles
- View additional details about Observations of Sun Crust Formation
- Title: Formation Rate of Surface Hoar Crystals Under Various Wind Velocities
- Date: 1994
- Authors: Akihiro Hachikubo, Takuya Fukuzawa, Eizi Akitaya
- Description: Field observation of surface hoar crystals formation was carried out with measuring
vapor condensation and meteorological elements: snow surface temp...
- Object ID: issw-1994-132-137.pdf
- Keywords: snow surface temperature, humidity, wind velocity, water vapor
- View additional details about Formation Rate of Surface Hoar Crystals Under Various Wind Velocities
- Title: Variation of Snow and Winter Air Temperatures in the Last 60 Years at Shinjo, Japan
- Date: 1994
- Authors: Tsutomu Nakamura, Osamu Abe
- Description: Smaller amounts of snow in the last 8 winters from 1986/87 to 1993/94 at Shinjo seems to be due to winter air temperature rise. Rate of temperature ri...
- Object ID: issw-1994-138-155.pdf
- Keywords: fatalities, snowfall, global warming
- View additional details about Variation of Snow and Winter Air Temperatures in the Last 60 Years at Shinjo, Japan
- Title: Measurements of the Electric Field Gradient in a Blizzard
- Date: 1994
- Authors: Scott Schmidt, Jim Dent
- Description: In the transport of heavy particulates by wind, as in blizzards and sand storms, much of the particulate flux occurs very near the surface by a proces...
- Object ID: issw-1994-197-202.pdf
- Keywords: cornices, triggering, blizzards, saltation
- View additional details about Measurements of the Electric Field Gradient in a Blizzard
- Title: The Friction of Snow Skis
- Date: 1992
- Authors: S.C. Colbeck
- Description: Snow friction results from a mixture of processes. Usually the snow and ski surfaces are partially separated by melt water but, when too much water is...
- Object ID: issw-1992-018-027.pdf
- Keywords: friction, temperature, solar radiation
- View additional details about The Friction of Snow Skis
- Title: Measurements of Snow Temperature During Rain
- Date: 1992
- Authors: H. Conway, R. Benedict
- Description: Measurements from a spatial array of thermistors set in a natural snowpack are used to track the progress of the O·C isotherm during two rain on sn...
- Object ID: issw-1992-028-036.pdf
- Keywords: rain, liquid water, vertical channels, stability
- View additional details about Measurements of Snow Temperature During Rain
- Title: The Sign of Electrostatic Charge on Drifting Snow
- Date: 1992
- Authors: Scott Schmidt, R.A. Schmidt
- Description: A review of the mechanics by which drifting snow develops electrostatic charge shows the sign of the charge is expected to be negative. A correspondin...
- Object ID: issw-1992-351-360.pdf
- Keywords: electrostatic charge, temperature gradient, blizzards
- View additional details about The Sign of Electrostatic Charge on Drifting Snow
- Title: Quick Growth of Depth Hoar in a Surface Layer
- Date: 1990
- Authors: Takuya Fukuzawa, Eizi Akitaya
- Description: The quick growth of a weak layer of depth hoar in a surface layer was observed on a mountain slope in northern Hokkaido, Japan. When the weather becom...
- Object ID: issw-1990-303-306.pdf
- Keywords: surface layer, hoar layer, temperature, radiation
- View additional details about Quick Growth of Depth Hoar in a Surface Layer
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