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Your search for Keyword "hardness"resulted in 34 records.

Title: MULTI-SEASON COMPARISON BETWEEN SMP, SNOW SCOPE, AND RAM PENETROMETERS
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Coleman Kane, Kelly Elder, HP Marshall, Katherine Gura, Dylan Elder
Description: Evaluating snow hardness is an important component of assessing avalanche hazard. Persistent slab problems can often be identified from hard-over-soft...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P3.53.pdf
Keywords: ram penetrometer, snowmicropen, snow scope, yellow flags, lemons, hardness, stratigraphy
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Title: STRONG WIND, SOFT SLAB – POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS
Date: 2024-09-23
Authors: Anna Heuberger, Veronika Krieger, Ingrid Reiweger
Description: Snowfall, strong winds up to 80 km/h, and super powder skiing conditions the next day – a situation which was reported multiple times during the wi...
Object ID: ISSW2024_P3.9.pdf
Keywords: wind slab, slab hardness, wind slab properties, wind speed
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Title: EVALUATION OF THE SNOW PENETROMETER SCOPE
Date: 2024-09-23
Authors: Pascal Hagenmuller, Benjamin Reuter, Alec van Herwijnen, Victor Ramseyer, Justin Caillol
Description: Knowing snowpack stratigraphy is paramount for avalanche forecasting. In many forecasting operations the stratigraphy information comes from manual ob...
Object ID: ISSW2024_P8.27.pdf
Keywords: scope, penetrometer, hardness, profile, smp, ramsonde
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Title: QUANTIFYING SHORT-TERM CHANGES IN SNOW STRENGTH DUE TO INCREASING LIQUID WATER CONTENT ABOVE HYDRAULIC BARRIERS
Date: 2023-10-08
Authors: Mikael Schlumpf, Jordy Hendrikx, John Stormont, Ryan Webb
Description: The rapid weakening of snow layers that accumulate infiltrating liquid water is a well-known, but poorly quantified, mechanism for wet slab avalanche ...
Object ID: ISSW2023_P1.63.pdf
Keywords: wet snow, wet slab avalanches, blade hardness, liquid water content
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Title: BLADE HARDNESS GAUGE: SNOW HARDNESS MEASURING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Date: 2023-10-08
Authors: Peter Barsevskis, Mark Paetkau
Description: The blade hardness gauge (BHG) is a promising technology for avalanche forecasters, technicians, and researchers. Designed and produced by Fraser Ins...
Object ID: ISSW2023_P3.32.pdf
Keywords: snow hardness, hand hardness, thin-blade, blade hardness gauge
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Title: COMPARISONS OF VERTICAL SNOW HARDNESS PROFILES BETWEEN THE SNOWMICROPEN, SNOW SCOPE AND MANUAL METHODS
Date: 2023-10-08
Authors: Kelly Elder, Zach Keskinen, Chris McCaslin, Anna Valentine, Hans-Peter Marshall
Description: Spatial information on snow strength is difficult to collect, interpret, and display. Hardness is often used as a proxy for strength because it is rel...
Object ID: ISSW2023_P3.35.pdf
Keywords: snow profile, hardness, stratigraphy, digital probe
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Title: ADVANCEMENTS IN THE LYTE PROBE: IMPROVING SNOW CHARACTERIZATION AND AVALANCHE WORK THROUGH MULTI-SENSOR APPROACHES
Date: 2023-10-08
Authors: Micah J. Johnson, Michael S. Town, Tate G. Meehan
Description: The Lyte probe is a multi-sensored, manually-driven penetrometer/reflectometer, designed for operational snow safety and scientific research - priorit...
Object ID: ISSW2023_P3.39.pdf
Keywords: smart probe, penetrometer, near-infrared, snow hardness, density, lyte probe
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Title: Parks Canada Profiles: Comparing hand hardness to thin-blade resistance
Date: 2018-10-07
Authors: Fraser Pogue, David McClung, Steve Conger
Description: Snow hardness is an important measurement used in avalanche forecasting. The method of collecting snow hardness is dependent on the operator and the t...
Object ID: ISSW2018_P10.5.pdf
Keywords: snow hardness, hand hardness, thin-blade, penetration resistance
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Title: Inter-Comparison of Snow Penetrometers (Ramsonde, Avatech SP2 and SnowMicroPen) in the Framework of Avalanche Forecasting
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Pascal Hagenmuller, Thibault Pilloix, Yves Lejeune
Description: Snow hardness, defined as the resistance against penetration of an object into snow, is a good mechanical indicator of the snowpack stratigraphy and i...
Object ID: ISSW16_O2.01.pdf
Keywords: penetrometer, hardness, avatech sp2, ramsonde, snowmicropen
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Title: Characteristics of Snow Avalanche Release in Forests During a Heavy Snowfall Event
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Hiroki Matsushita, Koji Ishida
Description: The heavy snowfall on February 14–15, 2014 caused many snow avalanches in the Kanto-Koshin region, Japan, where a thin snow cover exists during...
Object ID: ISSW16_P1.11.pdf
Keywords: avalanche, forest, air temperature, snowfall intensity, hardness, stability
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Title: Characterizing Snow Stratigraphy: a Comparison of SP2, Snowmicropen, Ramsonde and Hand Hardness Profiles
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Christine Pielmeier, Alec van Herwijnen
Description: Information on the structure of the snow cover is of great importance for operational avalanche forecasting. Manually observed snow profiles including...
Object ID: ISSW16_P1.16.pdf
Keywords: snow cover, stratigraphy, snow penetrometer, snowmicropen, sp2, ramsonde, hand hardness index, snow density
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Title: Using a Thin-Blade Tool for Measuring Snow Hardness and Change in Strength of Buried Surface Hoar
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Fraser Pogue, David M. McClung
Description: Measuring and tracking changes in the properties of snow layers is important for avalanche forecasting. The accuracy of collecting snow data is depend...
Object ID: ISSW16_P1.19.pdf
Keywords: snow hardness, thin-blade, handheld device, penetration resistance
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Title: Evaluation of AvaTech SP2 for Snow Research and Snow Science Education
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Hans Peter Marshall
Description: This poster presents results from preliminary testing of the AvaTech SP2 for snow research and snow science education. The SP2 was used during a gradu...
Object ID: ISSW16_P1.21.pdf
Keywords: instrumentation, penetrometer, hardness, snowmicropen
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Title: Ram Profiles With Swiss Penetrometer, Avatech SP2 Probe and Hand Tests. Comparison of the Hardness Profiles Obtained From on Site Detections in the Italian Alps During the 2015-2016 Season
Date: 2016-10-02
Authors: Flavio Berbenni, Igor Chiambretti, Flavio Papetti, Massimo Raviglione, Michela Barberis
Description: In snowpack observations, the hardness profile of snow cover is determined by a ram profile and a hand test which are performed according to codified ...
Object ID: ISSW16_P1.36.pdf
Keywords: ram penetrometer, avatech sp2, hand test, hardness profile
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Title: Estimating the Density of Dry Snow Layers From Hardness, and Hardness From Density
Date: 2014-09-29
Authors: Daehyun Kim, Bruce Jamieson
Description: At ISSW 2000, Geldsetzer and Jamieson presented empirical relations between the density and hardness of dry snow layers for common grain types. These ...
Object ID: ISSW14_paper_P1.25.pdf
Keywords: grain size, snow density, grain type, snow hardness, avalanche forecasting, snow stratigrapy
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