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- Title: REVISING THE EUROPEAN AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: PROCESS, FINAL PROPOSAL, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Karsten Müller, Frank Techel, Christoph Mitterer, Philip A. Ebert, Ben Reuter, Veronika Krieger, Igor Chiambretti, Anne Dufour, Guillem M. Bellido, Lorenzo Bertranda
- Description: The European Avalanche Danger Scale (EADS) is the central framework for communicating regional avalanche danger in Europe. Since its introduction in 1...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_O3.3.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche danger scale; avalanche hazard; risk communication; avalanche forecasting; eaws; european avalanche warning services
- View additional details about REVISING THE EUROPEAN AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: PROCESS, FINAL PROPOSAL, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
- Title: APPLYING THE AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: CONSISTENCY DEPENDS MORE ON THE SITUATION THAN THE FORECASTER
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Brian Lazar, Dylan Craaybeek, Frank Techel, Simon Horton, Mike Cooperstein, Simon Trautman, Ethan Greene
- Description: Public avalanche forecasts compress complex hazard assessments into a single danger level to guide backcountry recreationists' terrain choices. Danger...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_O9.3.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche danger scale, forecaster consistency, inter-rater reliability, judgment aggregation, avalanche problems, public avalanche forecasting
- View additional details about APPLYING THE AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: CONSISTENCY DEPENDS MORE ON THE SITUATION THAN THE FORECASTER
- Title: FORECASTING CHALLENGES DURING A SEASON WITH UNPRECEDENTED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY: THE 2023-2024 WINTER IN SOUTH-WEST MONTANA
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Alex Marienthal, Doug Chabot, Ian Hoyer, Dave Zinn
- Description: During the 2023-24 winter in southwest Montana, persistent weak layers formed in December and early January which caused widespread avalanche activity...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_O9.7.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche forecasting; danger rating; napads; persistent weak layer; surface hoar
- View additional details about FORECASTING CHALLENGES DURING A SEASON WITH UNPRECEDENTED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY: THE 2023-2024 WINTER IN SOUTH-WEST MONTANA
- Title: MOUNTAIN ROADS AND AVALANCHES: RISK ASSESSMENT
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Massimo Raviglione, Ludovico Raviglione
- Description: Mountain roads, due to their nature, are constantly subject to natural hazards (landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, avalanches, ice, etc.) which, dur...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P1.25.pdf
- Keywords: hazard, danger, risk, avalanches, roads
- View additional details about MOUNTAIN ROADS AND AVALANCHES: RISK ASSESSMENT
- Title: Avalanche Forecast Verification and Occurrence in Scotland, 2007–2025
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Ian N. Durbach, Blair Fyffe, Brian Morrison, Mark Diggins, Philip A. Ebert
- Description: The Scottish Avalanche Information Service (SAIS) has issued daily avalanche forecasts across Scotland since 1988. In 2016, the service adopted the Eu...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P2.14.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche forecasting, forecast verification, danger level, avalanche occurrence, scotland
- View additional details about Avalanche Forecast Verification and Occurrence in Scotland, 2007–2025
- Title: ASSESSING PUBLIC BACKCOUNTRY AVALANCHE FORECASTS
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Ethan Davis, Zachary Miller, Scott Savage, Dallas Glass, Spencer Logan, Ethan Greene, Blase Reardon, Christine Donnelly, Andrew Schauer
- Description: Avalanche danger ratings are the cornerstone of a public backcountry avalanche forecast, and the "Tier 1" danger — the highest rating across all ele...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P2.30.pdf
- Keywords: regional avalanche forecasting, forecast verification, forecast assessment, avalanche danger, forecaster confidence
- View additional details about ASSESSING PUBLIC BACKCOUNTRY AVALANCHE FORECASTS
- Title: DO FORECASTERS AGREE WHEN GIVEN THE SAME INFORMATION? INTER-FORECASTER AGREEMENT ON AVALANCHE PROBLEM LIKELIHOOD UNDER THE EAWS AND CMAH FRAMEWORKS
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Olav Kvåle Myksvoll, Tim Dassler, Gerit Pfuhl
- Description: Regional avalanche forecasting is a judgement-based process in which experts integrate heterogeneous and uncertain information when assessing avalanch...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P2.48.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche problems, forecaster agreement, inter-rater reliability, likelihood, bayesian hierarchical model, avalanche danger
- View additional details about DO FORECASTERS AGREE WHEN GIVEN THE SAME INFORMATION? INTER-FORECASTER AGREEMENT ON AVALANCHE PROBLEM LIKELIHOOD UNDER THE EAWS AND CMAH FRAMEWORKS
- Title: HOW BACKCOUNTRY SKIERS TRANSLATE AVALANCHE BULLETINS INTO DECISIONS: A SEASON – LONG STUDY IN THE SONDRIO PROVINCE (ITALY), WINTER 2024/25
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Jacopo Borsotti, Alberto Mariani, Martin Metzger, Giacomo Villa, Luca Dellarole, Davide Spini, Federico Martinelli, Giulia Geronimi, Fabiano Monti
- Description: Public avalanche forecasts are published daily by avalanche warning services to communicate avalanche hazard to the public for a particular area. They...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P4.35.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche safety; hazard communication; winter backcountry recreation; avalanche danger; avalanche bulletin
- View additional details about HOW BACKCOUNTRY SKIERS TRANSLATE AVALANCHE BULLETINS INTO DECISIONS: A SEASON – LONG STUDY IN THE SONDRIO PROVINCE (ITALY), WINTER 2024/25
- Title: A MULTI-SOURCE, INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AVALANCHE PROBLEM TYPES IN FATAL INCIDENTS (2017–2026)
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Keith Gale
- Description: Avalanche danger ratings have appropriately received substantial research attention because they provide the primary regional summary of avalanche haz...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P4.42.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche problem types, danger scale, persistent slab, fatality analysis, international harmonization
- View additional details about A MULTI-SOURCE, INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AVALANCHE PROBLEM TYPES IN FATAL INCIDENTS (2017–2026)
- Title: COMPREHENSION VALIDATION OF THE REVISED EAWS DANGER SCALE DESCRIPTORS: LESSONS FROM A LARGE-SCALE EUROPEAN END USER SURVEY ON AVALANCHE RISK PERCEPTION
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Philip A. Ebert, Frank Techel, Matthias Walcher, Benjamin Reuter, Igor Chiambretti, Lorenzo Bertranda, Montse Bacardit Peñarroya, Jaka Ortar, Mark Diggins, Karsten Müller, Gerit Pfuhl
- Description: The descriptors of the European avalanche danger scale, in use since 1993, are being revised. In June 2025 EAWS forecasters agreed on a new provisiona...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P3.11.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche danger scale, risk communication, risk perception, descriptors, multilingual communication
- View additional details about COMPREHENSION VALIDATION OF THE REVISED EAWS DANGER SCALE DESCRIPTORS: LESSONS FROM A LARGE-SCALE EUROPEAN END USER SURVEY ON AVALANCHE RISK PERCEPTION
- Title: BRINGING THE EUROPEAN AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE TO THE 21ST CENTURY
- Date: 2024-09-23
- Authors: Dr. Karsten Müller, Dr. Frank Techel, Dr. Christoph Mitterer, Dr. Stefano Sofia, Petter Palmgren, Nicolas Roux, Guillem M. Bellido, Lorenzo Bertranda, Giacomo Villa
- Description: The European Avalanche Danger Scale (EADS) is the governing document for public avalanche warning services in Europe. It has been the common ground t...
- Object ID: ISSW2024_O1.12.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche danger scale, public avalanche forecasting
- View additional details about BRINGING THE EUROPEAN AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE TO THE 21ST CENTURY
- Title: CHARACTERIZING REGIONAL AVALANCHE DANGER LEVELS USING FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF SNOW INSTABILITY IN NORWAY
- Date: 2024-09-23
- Authors: Simon Grüter, Markus Eckerstorfer, Ingrid Reiweger
- Description: Field observations of signs of instability are important sources of information when assigning the
regional avalanche danger level. In an effort to ...
- Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.16.pdf
- Keywords: snow instability signs, avalanche danger levels, field observations, avalanche forecasting
- View additional details about CHARACTERIZING REGIONAL AVALANCHE DANGER LEVELS USING FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF SNOW INSTABILITY IN NORWAY
- Title: EVALUATION OF THE TRANSFERABILITY TO THE PYRENEES OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS DEVELOPED FOR AVALANCHE FORECASTING IN THE SWISS ALPS
- Date: 2024-09-23
- Authors: Montse Bacardit, Cristina Pérez-Guillén, Jordi Gavaldà Bordes, Ivan Moner Seira, Martin Hendrick, Fabiano Monti
- Description: Avalanche forecasting is crucial for ensuring safety and mobility in snow-covered mountainous regions worldwide. While traditional avalanche forecasts...
- Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.27.pdf
- Keywords: machine learning, avalanche forecasting, avalanche danger, avalanche activity, snowpack model
- View additional details about EVALUATION OF THE TRANSFERABILITY TO THE PYRENEES OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS DEVELOPED FOR AVALANCHE FORECASTING IN THE SWISS ALPS
- Title: UNRELIABILITY IN EXPERT ESTIMATES OF FACTORS DETERMINING AVALANCHE DANGER AND IMPACT ON DANGER LEVEL ESTIMATION USING THE MATRIX
- Date: 2024-09-23
- Authors: Frank Techel, Célia Lucas, Karsten Müller, Christine Pielmeier, Michael Morreau
- Description: Recent advances in automated snowpack modelling notwithstanding, public avalanche forecasting relies heavily on human estimates of avalanche condition...
- Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.31.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche danger level, avalanche forecasting, reliability, eaws matrix, forecast correctness
- View additional details about UNRELIABILITY IN EXPERT ESTIMATES OF FACTORS DETERMINING AVALANCHE DANGER AND IMPACT ON DANGER LEVEL ESTIMATION USING THE MATRIX
- Title: REMOTELY SENSED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY DURING THREE EXTREME AVALANCHE PERIODS IN SWITZERLAND
- Date: 2024-09-23
- Authors: Elisabeth D. Hafner, Frank Techel, Holger Heisig, Jor Fergus Dal, Yves Bühler
- Description: Systematic mapping of avalanches using remote-sensing technologies has become a reliable and – when combined with machine-learning algorithms – al...
- Object ID: ISSW2024_O9.1.pdf
- Keywords: avalanche mapping, potentially active area, danger level 5 (very high)
- View additional details about REMOTELY SENSED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY DURING THREE EXTREME AVALANCHE PERIODS IN SWITZERLAND
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