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Title: REVISING THE EUROPEAN AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: PROCESS, FINAL PROPOSAL, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Karsten Müller, Frank Techel, Christoph Mitterer, Philip A. Ebert, Ben Reuter, Veronika Krieger, Igor Chiambretti, Anne Dufour, Guillem M. Bellido, Lorenzo Bertranda
Description: The European Avalanche Danger Scale (EADS) is the central framework for communicating regional avalanche danger in Europe. Since its introduction in 1...
Object ID: ISSW2026_O3.3.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger scale; avalanche hazard; risk communication; avalanche forecasting; eaws; european avalanche warning services
View additional details about REVISING THE EUROPEAN AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: PROCESS, FINAL PROPOSAL, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

Title: APPLYING THE AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: CONSISTENCY DEPENDS MORE ON THE SITUATION THAN THE FORECASTER
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Brian Lazar, Dylan Craaybeek, Frank Techel, Simon Horton, Mike Cooperstein, Simon Trautman, Ethan Greene
Description: Public avalanche forecasts compress complex hazard assessments into a single danger level to guide backcountry recreationists' terrain choices. Danger...
Object ID: ISSW2026_O9.3.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger scale, forecaster consistency, inter-rater reliability, judgment aggregation, avalanche problems, public avalanche forecasting
View additional details about APPLYING THE AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE: CONSISTENCY DEPENDS MORE ON THE SITUATION THAN THE FORECASTER

Title: FORECASTING CHALLENGES DURING A SEASON WITH UNPRECEDENTED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY: THE 2023-2024 WINTER IN SOUTH-WEST MONTANA
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Alex Marienthal, Doug Chabot, Ian Hoyer, Dave Zinn
Description: During the 2023-24 winter in southwest Montana, persistent weak layers formed in December and early January which caused widespread avalanche activity...
Object ID: ISSW2026_O9.7.pdf
Keywords: avalanche forecasting; danger rating; napads; persistent weak layer; surface hoar
View additional details about FORECASTING CHALLENGES DURING A SEASON WITH UNPRECEDENTED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY: THE 2023-2024 WINTER IN SOUTH-WEST MONTANA

Title: MOUNTAIN ROADS AND AVALANCHES: RISK ASSESSMENT
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Massimo Raviglione, Ludovico Raviglione
Description: Mountain roads, due to their nature, are constantly subject to natural hazards (landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, avalanches, ice, etc.) which, dur...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P1.25.pdf
Keywords: hazard, danger, risk, avalanches, roads
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Title: Avalanche Forecast Verification and Occurrence in Scotland, 2007–2025
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Ian N. Durbach, Blair Fyffe, Brian Morrison, Mark Diggins, Philip A. Ebert
Description: The Scottish Avalanche Information Service (SAIS) has issued daily avalanche forecasts across Scotland since 1988. In 2016, the service adopted the Eu...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P2.14.pdf
Keywords: avalanche forecasting, forecast verification, danger level, avalanche occurrence, scotland
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Title: ASSESSING PUBLIC BACKCOUNTRY AVALANCHE FORECASTS
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Ethan Davis, Zachary Miller, Scott Savage, Dallas Glass, Spencer Logan, Ethan Greene, Blase Reardon, Christine Donnelly, Andrew Schauer
Description: Avalanche danger ratings are the cornerstone of a public backcountry avalanche forecast, and the "Tier 1" danger — the highest rating across all ele...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P2.30.pdf
Keywords: regional avalanche forecasting, forecast verification, forecast assessment, avalanche danger, forecaster confidence
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Title: DO FORECASTERS AGREE WHEN GIVEN THE SAME INFORMATION? INTER-FORECASTER AGREEMENT ON AVALANCHE PROBLEM LIKELIHOOD UNDER THE EAWS AND CMAH FRAMEWORKS
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Olav Kvåle Myksvoll, Tim Dassler, Gerit Pfuhl
Description: Regional avalanche forecasting is a judgement-based process in which experts integrate heterogeneous and uncertain information when assessing avalanch...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P2.48.pdf
Keywords: avalanche problems, forecaster agreement, inter-rater reliability, likelihood, bayesian hierarchical model, avalanche danger
View additional details about DO FORECASTERS AGREE WHEN GIVEN THE SAME INFORMATION? INTER-FORECASTER AGREEMENT ON AVALANCHE PROBLEM LIKELIHOOD UNDER THE EAWS AND CMAH FRAMEWORKS

Title: HOW BACKCOUNTRY SKIERS TRANSLATE AVALANCHE BULLETINS INTO DECISIONS: A SEASON – LONG STUDY IN THE SONDRIO PROVINCE (ITALY), WINTER 2024/25
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Jacopo Borsotti, Alberto Mariani, Martin Metzger, Giacomo Villa, Luca Dellarole, Davide Spini, Federico Martinelli, Giulia Geronimi, Fabiano Monti
Description: Public avalanche forecasts are published daily by avalanche warning services to communicate avalanche hazard to the public for a particular area. They...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P4.35.pdf
Keywords: avalanche safety; hazard communication; winter backcountry recreation; avalanche danger; avalanche bulletin
View additional details about HOW BACKCOUNTRY SKIERS TRANSLATE AVALANCHE BULLETINS INTO DECISIONS: A SEASON – LONG STUDY IN THE SONDRIO PROVINCE (ITALY), WINTER 2024/25

Title: A MULTI-SOURCE, INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AVALANCHE PROBLEM TYPES IN FATAL INCIDENTS (2017–2026)
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Keith Gale
Description: Avalanche danger ratings have appropriately received substantial research attention because they provide the primary regional summary of avalanche haz...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P4.42.pdf
Keywords: avalanche problem types, danger scale, persistent slab, fatality analysis, international harmonization
View additional details about A MULTI-SOURCE, INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AVALANCHE PROBLEM TYPES IN FATAL INCIDENTS (2017–2026)

Title: COMPREHENSION VALIDATION OF THE REVISED EAWS DANGER SCALE DESCRIPTORS: LESSONS FROM A LARGE-SCALE EUROPEAN END USER SURVEY ON AVALANCHE RISK PERCEPTION
Date: 2026-09-28
Authors: Philip A. Ebert, Frank Techel, Matthias Walcher, Benjamin Reuter, Igor Chiambretti, Lorenzo Bertranda, Montse Bacardit Peñarroya, Jaka Ortar, Mark Diggins, Karsten Müller, Gerit Pfuhl
Description: The descriptors of the European avalanche danger scale, in use since 1993, are being revised. In June 2025 EAWS forecasters agreed on a new provisiona...
Object ID: ISSW2026_P3.11.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger scale, risk communication, risk perception, descriptors, multilingual communication
View additional details about COMPREHENSION VALIDATION OF THE REVISED EAWS DANGER SCALE DESCRIPTORS: LESSONS FROM A LARGE-SCALE EUROPEAN END USER SURVEY ON AVALANCHE RISK PERCEPTION

Title: BRINGING THE EUROPEAN AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE TO THE 21ST CENTURY
Date: 2024-09-23
Authors: Dr. Karsten Müller, Dr. Frank Techel, Dr. Christoph Mitterer, Dr. Stefano Sofia, Petter Palmgren, Nicolas Roux, Guillem M. Bellido, Lorenzo Bertranda, Giacomo Villa
Description: The European Avalanche Danger Scale (EADS) is the governing document for public avalanche warning services in Europe. It has been the common ground t...
Object ID: ISSW2024_O1.12.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger scale, public avalanche forecasting
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Title: CHARACTERIZING REGIONAL AVALANCHE DANGER LEVELS USING FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF SNOW INSTABILITY IN NORWAY
Date: 2024-09-23
Authors: Simon Grüter, Markus Eckerstorfer, Ingrid Reiweger
Description: Field observations of signs of instability are important sources of information when assigning the regional avalanche danger level. In an effort to ...
Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.16.pdf
Keywords: snow instability signs, avalanche danger levels, field observations, avalanche forecasting
View additional details about CHARACTERIZING REGIONAL AVALANCHE DANGER LEVELS USING FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF SNOW INSTABILITY IN NORWAY

Title: EVALUATION OF THE TRANSFERABILITY TO THE PYRENEES OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS DEVELOPED FOR AVALANCHE FORECASTING IN THE SWISS ALPS
Date: 2024-09-23
Authors: Montse Bacardit, Cristina Pérez-Guillén, Jordi Gavaldà Bordes, Ivan Moner Seira, Martin Hendrick, Fabiano Monti
Description: Avalanche forecasting is crucial for ensuring safety and mobility in snow-covered mountainous regions worldwide. While traditional avalanche forecasts...
Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.27.pdf
Keywords: machine learning, avalanche forecasting, avalanche danger, avalanche activity, snowpack model
View additional details about EVALUATION OF THE TRANSFERABILITY TO THE PYRENEES OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS DEVELOPED FOR AVALANCHE FORECASTING IN THE SWISS ALPS

Title: UNRELIABILITY IN EXPERT ESTIMATES OF FACTORS DETERMINING AVALANCHE DANGER AND IMPACT ON DANGER LEVEL ESTIMATION USING THE MATRIX
Date: 2024-09-23
Authors: Frank Techel, Célia Lucas, Karsten Müller, Christine Pielmeier, Michael Morreau
Description: Recent advances in automated snowpack modelling notwithstanding, public avalanche forecasting relies heavily on human estimates of avalanche condition...
Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.31.pdf
Keywords: avalanche danger level, avalanche forecasting, reliability, eaws matrix, forecast correctness
View additional details about UNRELIABILITY IN EXPERT ESTIMATES OF FACTORS DETERMINING AVALANCHE DANGER AND IMPACT ON DANGER LEVEL ESTIMATION USING THE MATRIX

Title: REMOTELY SENSED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY DURING THREE EXTREME AVALANCHE PERIODS IN SWITZERLAND
Date: 2024-09-23
Authors: Elisabeth D. Hafner, Frank Techel, Holger Heisig, Jor Fergus Dal, Yves Bühler
Description: Systematic mapping of avalanches using remote-sensing technologies has become a reliable and – when combined with machine-learning algorithms – al...
Object ID: ISSW2024_O9.1.pdf
Keywords: avalanche mapping, potentially active area, danger level 5 (very high)
View additional details about REMOTELY SENSED AVALANCHE ACTIVITY DURING THREE EXTREME AVALANCHE PERIODS IN SWITZERLAND