Your search for Keyword "crust"resulted in 17 records.
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- Title: AUSTRALIAN ALPS SURFACE HAZARD RATING SYSTEM
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Craig Sheppard, Kyle Boys, Tyson Rettie
- Description: Winter backcountry hazard communication has traditionally focused on avalanches, yet in many alpine environments, snow surface conditions can present ...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P3.32.pdf
- Keywords: hazard communication, risk communication, crust, ice, slide for life, uncontrolled sliding falls
- View additional details about AUSTRALIAN ALPS SURFACE HAZARD RATING SYSTEM
- Title: GRAUPEL, CRUSTS, PERSISTENT INSTABILITY, AND UNUSUAL SLAB BEHAVIOR: TWO CASE STUDIES FROM MOUNT SHASTA, CALIFORNIA, USA
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: Christian Jordan, Eric Falconer, Hayden MacArthur, Jeremy J. Axelrod, Zach Guy, Nick Meyers
- Description: These case studies examine two large natural avalanches attributed to graupel/crust combinations on Mount Shasta, California. The first case study det...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P4.13.pdf
- Keywords: graupel; persistent weak layer; persistent slab; melt-freeze crust
- View additional details about GRAUPEL, CRUSTS, PERSISTENT INSTABILITY, AND UNUSUAL SLAB BEHAVIOR: TWO CASE STUDIES FROM MOUNT SHASTA, CALIFORNIA, USA
- Title: SAHARAN DUST DEPOSITION AND AVALANCHES: HOW MINERAL PARTICLES AFFECT THE SNOWPACK
- Date: 2026-09-28
- Authors: C. Artoni, G. Lorenzoni, M.A.C. Potenza, B. Delmonte, C. Mangili, L. Teruzzi, V. Raspagni, V. Maggi
- Description: Saharan dust intrusions are recurring events across the European Alps and other mid-latitude mountain ranges, depositing mineral particles onto season...
- Object ID: ISSW2026_P4.43.pdf
- Keywords: saharan dust, red snow, melt-freeze crust, faceted crystals, persistent weak layers, wet-snow avalanches, snowpack metamorphism, avalanche forecasting
- View additional details about SAHARAN DUST DEPOSITION AND AVALANCHES: HOW MINERAL PARTICLES AFFECT THE SNOWPACK
- Title: AUTOMATED DRY SNOWFALL LEVEL CALCULATION FOR IMPROVED ASSESSMENT OF MELT-FREEZE CRUSTS AND ASSOCIATED FACETED WEAK LAYERS
- Date: 2024-09-23
- Authors: Marie Hofmann, Jil Lehnert, Christoph Mitterer
- Description: Faceted weak layers relevant for avalanche triggering often develop around melt-freeze crusts. These can
- besides a formation through shortwave radi...
- Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.7.pdf
- Keywords: melt-freeze crust, snowfall level, avalanche forecasting, automated weather stations
- View additional details about AUTOMATED DRY SNOWFALL LEVEL CALCULATION FOR IMPROVED ASSESSMENT OF MELT-FREEZE CRUSTS AND ASSOCIATED FACETED WEAK LAYERS
- Title: METEOROLOGICAL AND SNOWPACK PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED WITH CRUST-ADJACENT PERSISTENT WEAK LAYERS. PART 2: APPLYING THEORY TO OBSERVED PATTERNS
- Date: 2024-09-23
- Authors: Andrew Schauer, Andy Moderow, Aleph Johnston-Bloom
- Description: Over the past nine seasons, ten substantial melt-freeze crusts formed in avalanche start zones
along Turnagain Pass, in the heart of Alaska’s Chuga...
- Object ID: ISSW2024_P1.14.pdf
- Keywords: crust, persistent weak layer, machine learning
- View additional details about METEOROLOGICAL AND SNOWPACK PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED WITH CRUST-ADJACENT PERSISTENT WEAK LAYERS. PART 2: APPLYING THEORY TO OBSERVED PATTERNS
- Title: CRUSTS AND FACETS: A CASE STUDY OF A SEASON WITH DEEP ISSUES NEAR GIRDWOOD, AK
- Date: 2023-10-08
- Authors: Andrew Schauer, Aleph Johnston-Bloom, Adam Smith, Matt McKee, Jim Kennedy
- Description: During the 2021-22 winter season, the snowpack in the southwest Chugach and northeast Kenai mountains near Girdwood, Alaska, was characterized by two ...
- Object ID: ISSW2023_O7.04.pdf
- Keywords: deep slab, crust, persistent weak layer, infrastructure, headache
- View additional details about CRUSTS AND FACETS: A CASE STUDY OF A SEASON WITH DEEP ISSUES NEAR GIRDWOOD, AK
- Title: RADIATION AND RECRYSTALLIZATION: A WASATCH AVALANCHE CYCLE
- Date: 2023-10-08
- Authors: David Kelly, Mark Staples
- Description: In late January 2023 during a brief period of sunny weather, some snow surface locations in the mountains of Northern Utah formed a thin melt-freeze c...
- Object ID: ISSW2023_O11.03.pdf
- Keywords: communication, radiation recrystallization, preservation, facets, crust
- View additional details about RADIATION AND RECRYSTALLIZATION: A WASATCH AVALANCHE CYCLE
- Title: Retrieving snow stratigraphic information using a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Ka-band radar
- Date: 2018-10-07
- Authors: Laliberté, J., Langlois, A, Royer, A., Madore, J.-B., Gauthier, F.
- Description: Considering the Chic Chocs (Québec, Canada) specific climate and the currently observed regional warming, an increased occurrence of rain-on-snow e...
- Object ID: ISSW2018_P07.3.pdf
- Keywords: fmcw radar, ice crust, snow, stratigraphy, avalanche, snowpack
- View additional details about Retrieving snow stratigraphic information using a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Ka-band radar
- Title: Spatial Predictions of Surface Hoar and Crust Formation
- Date: 2013-10-07
- Authors: Simon Horton, Michael Schirmer, Bruce Jamieson
- Description: Understanding the distribution of critical snowpack layers is important when assessing avalanche hazard. Two common critical layers, surface hoar and ...
- Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O4-01.pdf
- Keywords: surface hoar, sun crust, surface energy balance, avalanche forecasting, numeric weather prediction
- View additional details about Spatial Predictions of Surface Hoar and Crust Formation
- Title: Tracking Melt-Freeze Crust Evolution in Val d’Aran (Catalan Pyrenees)
- Date: 2013-10-07
- Authors: Jon Apodaka, Montserrat Bacardit, Iván Moner, Jordi Gavaldá
- Description: In the Pyrenees, melt-freeze and wind crusts are a very common element in the snow cover. Such layers have an important role in both dry and wet slab ...
- Object ID: ISSW13_paper_P4-03.pdf
- Keywords: melt-freeze crust, tracking, evolution, nivology, val d’aran, pyrenees
- View additional details about Tracking Melt-Freeze Crust Evolution in Val d’Aran (Catalan Pyrenees)
- Title: The Avalanche Climate of Glacier National Park, B.C., Canada During 1965-2011
- Date: 2013-10-07
- Authors: Sascha Bellaire, Bruce Jamieson, Grant Statham
- Description: Climate change is evident and long-term changes of the climate system have been
observed. It has been shown that changing atmospheric conditions infl...
- Object ID: ISSW13_paper_P4-50.pdf
- Keywords: climate change, avalanche formation, avalanche activity, solid precipitation rate, crust formation
- View additional details about The Avalanche Climate of Glacier National Park, B.C., Canada During 1965-2011
- Title: Tracking Melt-Freeze Crust Evolution
- Date: 2012
- Authors: Ryan Buhler, Sascha Bellaire, Bruce Jamieson
- Description: Melt-freeze crusts are one of the most critical layers for slab avalanche formation. These layers usually undergo complex metamorphism and associated ...
- Object ID: issw-2012-084-091.pdf
- Keywords: melt-freeze crust, snowpack evolution, persistent weak layer, columbia mountains, thermal imaging, crust index
- View additional details about Tracking Melt-Freeze Crust Evolution
- Title: Near Infrared Photography to Quantify Temporal Changes in Melt-Freeze Crusts
- Date: 2010
- Authors: Michael Smith, Bruce Jamieson
- Description: Objective quantification of snowpack stratigraphy is a difficult task, especially when multiple observers may be tracking changes over time. Propertie...
- Object ID: ISSW_P-013.pdf
- Keywords: specific surface area, crust evolution, near-infrared photography, snowpack stratigraphy
- View additional details about Near Infrared Photography to Quantify Temporal Changes in Melt-Freeze Crusts
- Title: Tracking Changes in Buried Melt Freeze Crusts
- Date: 2009
- Authors: Michael Smith, Bruce Jamieson
- Description: Melt freeze crusts are a frequent occurrence in the mid-latitudes, often forming in the snowcover due to rain or wet snow in the fall and insolation i...
- Object ID: issw-2009-0107-0111.pdf
- Keywords: specific surface area, crust evolution, near-infrared photography, snowpack stratigraphy
- View additional details about Tracking Changes in Buried Melt Freeze Crusts
- Title: Observations of Sun Crust Formation
- Date: 1994
- Authors: Toshihiro Ozeki, Eizi Akitaya, Keisuke Suzuki
- Description: The mechanism of sun crust formation was investigated through field observations. During the observations, sun crust formed 12 times. The sun crust is...
- Object ID: issw-1994-002-013.pdf
- Keywords: heat, metamorphism, sun crust, ice particles
- View additional details about Observations of Sun Crust Formation
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