Item: Causes of Death Among Avalanche Fatalities in Colorado: a 20-Year Review
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Title: Causes of Death Among Avalanche Fatalities in Colorado: a 20-Year Review
Proceedings: International Snow Science Workshop 2016 Proceedings, Breckenridge, CO, USA
Authors:
- Alison Sheets [ Colorado Avalanche Information Center, Boulder, CO, USA ]
- Dale S. Wang [ Colorado Avalanche Information Center, Boulder, CO, USA ]
- Spencer Logan [ Colorado Avalanche Information Center, Boulder, CO, USA ]
- Dale Atkins [ Recco AB, Avon, CO, USA ]
Date: 2016-10-02
Abstract: Methods: We reviewed all avalanche fatalities between 1995 and 2015 in the state of Colorado, USA, using the database maintained by the Colorado Avalanche Information Center. For each fatality, we obtained the coroner's official determination of cause of death, and autopsy records if one was performed. We used these records to determine cause of death. Injury severity scores (ISS) were calculated for those victims who underwent autopsy. Results: Mortality information was available for 110 fatalities occurring during the 20-year study period. Of these, 64 underwent autopsy. Almost all others had external forensic examination to determine cause of death. Asphyxia was the cause of death in 65% of fatalities (72/110). Trauma was the cause of death in 29% of the fatalities (32/110). Of these, the primary cause was multiple system trauma in 38% (12/32), head trauma 31% (10/32), and spinal injuries 19% (6/32). Of the victims who died of asphyxia and had autopsy, only 10% (4/42) also had significant trauma, defined as ISS greater than 15. There were six fatalities from other causes, including hypothermia, drowning, and primary cardiac arrest. Interpretation: Reducing the occurrence and duration of critical burial, and therefore asphyxia, could have the largest reduction in fatalities. Mitigating the severity of head trauma may have a significant effect on reducing the number of traumatic fatalities in avalanche victims. Finally, greater emphasis on first aid skills is vital for those traveling in avalanche terrain and for rescuers called to help those in need.
Object ID: ISSW16_P3.20.pdf
Language of Article: English
Presenter(s):
Keywords: trauma, avalanche fatalities, asphyxia, Colorado
Page Number(s): 1030-1033
Subjects: historical avalanche data avalanche fatalities Injury severity scores (ISS)
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