Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in Yellowstone National Park
- Littleford-Colquhoun, Bethan [ Brown University ]
- Geremia, Chris [ Yellowstone National Park ]
- McGarvey, Lauren [ Yellowstone National Park ]
- Merkle, Jerod A. [ University of Wyoming ]
- Hoff, Hannah K. [ Brown University; Thum Lab; Montana State University: Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology ]
- Anderson, Heidi [ Yellowstone National Park ]
- Segal, Carlisle [ Montana State University: Ecology ]
- Kartzinel, Rebecca [ Brown University ]
- Maywar, Ian [ Brown University ]
- Nantais, Natalie [ Brown University ]
- Moore, Camela [ Southern Illinois University Carbondale ]
- Kartzinel, Tyler [ Brown University ]
Large mammalian herbivores vary their diets markedly with changes in resource availability. Yet the ways that seasonal changes in individual foraging behaviors scale up to reconfigure complex trophic networks are poorly understood. Two years of dietary DNA data enabled us to quantify fine-grained dietary variation within and among populations of five large herbivore species at Yellowstone National Park, revealing remarkably strong and significant correlations between body size and five key indicators of diet seasonality (R2 = 0.71–0.80). Data from GPS collars implicated seasonal changes in each species’ movement- and habitat-use patterns as potential determinants of foraging constraints and specializations that give rise to the strong allometry in diet composition. Bison and elk showed relatively muted seasonal changes compared to smaller species that exhibited stronger switches. Whereas the taxonomic breadth of individual diets contracted for all species in winter, larger species generally consumed a greater functional diversity of plants and thus maintained more unique dietary niches under resource limitations.
Dataset funder(s):
- National Science Foundation
- National Park Service