Item: Influence of Upstream Catching Dam Slope on Powder Avalanche
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Title: Influence of Upstream Catching Dam Slope on Powder Avalanche
Proceedings: International Snow Science Workshop Grenoble – Chamonix Mont-Blanc - October 07-11, 2013
Authors:
- Caccamo P.
- Naaim-Bouvet F.
- Faug T.
Date: 2013-10-07
Abstract: The influence of an obstacle on the dynamics of a finite-volume density current modelling a powder-snow avalanche was investigated. A constant volume of a dyed salt solution reproduced the small-scale aerosol flowing down an inclined channel immersed in a water tank. Reference tests in the absence of the obstacle characterized the dynamics parameters of the flow and then the influence of two types of obstacles on these parameters was studied. Both of the obstacles represent a catching dam, one with a vertical uphill face (OBS1), and the second one with an inclined uphill face (OBS2). A high resolution acoustic velocimeter allows measurements on the 3D flow velocity. For the reference avalanche, it was shown that the maximum velocity norm can be up to 18% greater than the maximum horizontal contribution (parallel to the slope). In terms of protection effectiveness, laboratory tests showed that a catching dam with the upstream face vertical to the slope is more efficient than a dam with an inclined upstream face. In presence of OBS2 the flow does not hit the obstacle but it rather passes smoothly over it, without any visible detachment from the surface. The ramp effect is remarkable and the avalanche reaches in a shorter time a given point downstream from the obstacle. On the contrary, in the OBS1 configuration, the incoming flow hits the vertical wall and bursts. The flow is subjected to a strong deflection with the formation of a vertical jet.
Object ID: ISSW13_paper_O1-16.pdf
Language of Article: English
Presenter(s): Unknown
Keywords: powder snow avalanche, density current, water tank, catching dam, 3D acoustic velocimeter
Page Number(s): 788-793
Subjects: powder avalanche aerosol avalanche snow density
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